Bits & Odds

Maryland Scratch-Offs with the Best Odds Right Now (November 2026)

Updated · 59 games on sale

As of November 5, 2026, the Maryland scratch-offs leading on any-prize odds are $5,000,000 LUXE ($50, 1 in 2.55 for any prize), Ace of Spades ($30, 1 in 2.61 for any prize) and Gifts of Green ($20, 1 in 2.73 for any prize).

Key facts

  • As of November 5, 2026, 2 of the 59 Maryland scratch-offs on sale still have every top prize.
  • Win $100, $200 or $500 (#825) ($20) has the most top prizes left: 12,069 of 12,822 prizes of $500, as of November 5, 2026.
  • Ace of Spades ($30) has the best current payout: 83.1%, as of November 5, 2026.
  • The prize counts behind these figures are the ones the Maryland lottery published as of November 5, 2026, 10:09 UTC.

Updated

6 ways to rank Maryland scratch-offs

Every ranking below covers all 59 games on sale and is recomputed daily. Free, in full.

What any-prize odds means

Any-prize odds are the chance that one ticket wins something, including free tickets, estimated from the prizes still unclaimed against the tickets still in circulation.

Who this list is for. Best for players who want frequent small wins and the fun of scratching a winner, rather than chasing the jackpot.

Its blind spot. Many of those wins are break-even prizes: a free ticket or your money back. Check the cash-odds and profit-odds lists before deciding.

Read the long version: Why payout percentage beats overall odds.

  1. $5,000,000 LUXE

    #789
    1 in 2.55 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $38.86
    Any prize
    1 in 2.55
    Beats price
    1 in 5.12
    Top prizes
    2 of 3
    Best any-prize odds
  2. Ace of Spades

    #766
    1 in 2.61 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $24.92
    Any prize
    1 in 2.61
    Beats price
    1 in 4.30
    Top prizes
    2 of 3
  3. Gifts of Green

    #772
    1 in 2.73 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $15.73
    Any prize
    1 in 2.73
    Beats price
    1 in 3.77
    Top prizes
    1 of 7
  4. Diamonds & Gold

    #797
    1 in 2.75 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $23.73
    Any prize
    1 in 2.75
    Beats price
    1 in 4.40
    Top prizes
    1 of 2
  5. 100X the Cash

    #783
    1 in 2.77 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $14.94
    Any prize
    1 in 2.77
    Beats price
    1 in 4.57
    Top prizes
    1 of 7
  6. $5,000,000 Fortune

    #734
    1 in 2.82 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $37.05
    Any prize
    1 in 2.82
    Beats price
    1 in 5.78
    Top prizes
    1 of 3
  7. 30X Cash

    #819
    1 in 2.85 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $23.67
    Any prize
    1 in 2.85
    Beats price
    1 in 4.33
    Top prizes
    302 of 320
  8. $1,000,000 Crossword

    #788
    1 in 2.86 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $19.17
    Any prize
    1 in 2.86
    Beats price
    1 in 8.81
    Top prizes
    2 of 4
  9. 200X the Cash

    #777
    1 in 2.89 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $23.71
    Any prize
    1 in 2.89
    Beats price
    1 in 4.74
    Top prizes
    3 of 5
  10. Bonus Bingo X20

    #726
    1 in 2.92 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $15.44
    Any prize
    1 in 2.92
    Beats price
    1 in 4.75
    Top prizes
    2 of 5
  11. Triple Red 777s

    #803
    1 in 2.97 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $15.53
    Any prize
    1 in 2.97
    Beats price
    1 in 4.49
    Top prizes
    3 of 5
  12. $100,000 Crossword (#815)

    #815
    1 in 3.10 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.34
    Any prize
    1 in 3.10
    Beats price
    1 in 6.68
    Top prizes
    7 of 9
  13. Mega Money

    #690
    1 in 3.14 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $23.19
    Any prize
    1 in 3.14
    Beats price
    1 in 4.81
    Top prizes
    4 of 5
  14. $5,000,000 CASH

    #681
    1 in 3.17 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $38.49
    Any prize
    1 in 3.17
    Beats price
    1 in 3.17
    Top prizes
    2 of 4
  15. THE GAME OF LIFE™

    #609
    1 in 3.19 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $14.92
    Any prize
    1 in 3.19
    Beats price
    1 in 5.01
    Top prizes
    3 of 5
  16. High Voltage

    #814
    1 in 3.27 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.56
    Any prize
    1 in 3.27
    Beats price
    1 in 7.14
    Top prizes
    6 of 8
  17. Extreme Green

    #811
    1 in 3.31 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $15.16
    Any prize
    1 in 3.31
    Beats price
    1 in 5.11
    Top prizes
    4 of 5
  18. Winter Multiplier

    #824
    1 in 3.38 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.49
    Any prize
    1 in 3.38
    Beats price
    1 in 5.16
    Top prizes
    8 of 9
    New
  19. 50X the Cash

    #782
    1 in 3.38 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.23
    Any prize
    1 in 3.38
    Beats price
    1 in 5.63
    Top prizes
    2 of 9
  20. Bingo X10 (#792)

    #792
    1 in 3.40 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.15
    Any prize
    1 in 3.40
    Beats price
    1 in 5.77
    Top prizes
    4 of 6
  21. Triple Red 7s Multiplier

    #802
    1 in 3.41 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.37
    Any prize
    1 in 3.41
    Beats price
    1 in 5.35
    Top prizes
    6 of 10
  22. Red 5's Doubler

    #776
    1 in 3.41 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.47
    Any prize
    1 in 3.41
    Beats price
    1 in 5.37
    Top prizes
    2 of 9
  23. Deluxe Crossword (#816)

    #816
    1 in 3.43 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.58
    Any prize
    1 in 3.43
    Beats price
    1 in 5.93
    Top prizes
    6 of 8
  24. Scratch & Match

    #793
    1 in 3.46 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.42
    Any prize
    1 in 3.46
    Beats price
    1 in 5.68
    Top prizes
    3 of 9
  25. Ravens X10 (#808)

    #808
    1 in 3.47 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.42
    Any prize
    1 in 3.47
    Beats price
    1 in 5.28
    Top prizes
    3 of 4
  26. Rose Gold

    #796
    1 in 3.50 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.35
    Any prize
    1 in 3.50
    Beats price
    1 in 5.34
    Top prizes
    5 of 8
  27. More Money

    #739
    1 in 3.50 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.55
    Any prize
    1 in 3.50
    Beats price
    1 in 5.73
    Top prizes
    2 of 5
  28. 10X Cash

    #818
    1 in 3.51 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.44
    Any prize
    1 in 3.51
    Beats price
    1 in 6.72
    Top prizes
    107 of 134
  29. Bonus Crossword (#784)

    #784
    1 in 3.52 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $2.07
    Any prize
    1 in 3.52
    Beats price
    1 in 6.59
    Top prizes
    3 of 8
  30. Winning Streak

    #786
    1 in 3.58 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.71
    Any prize
    1 in 3.58
    Beats price
    1 in 6.24
    Top prizes
    2 of 7
  31. The Price is Right™

    #813
    1 in 3.60 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.54
    Any prize
    1 in 3.60
    Beats price
    1 in 7.80
    Top prizes
    4 of 6
  32. 5X the Cash

    #779
    1 in 3.66 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $0.67
    Any prize
    1 in 3.66
    Beats price
    1 in 7.04
    Top prizes
    5 of 31
  33. THE BIG SPIN

    #791
    1 in 3.75 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $2.18
    Any prize
    1 in 3.75
    Beats price
    1 in 6.82
    Top prizes
    1 of 3
  34. Maryland Treasures

    #790
    1 in 3.76 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $1.34
    Any prize
    1 in 3.76
    Beats price
    1 in 6.45
    Top prizes
    1 of 5
  35. Gold Bar Bingo (#809)

    #809
    1 in 3.76 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.60
    Any prize
    1 in 3.76
    Beats price
    1 in 6.26
    Top prizes
    5 of 7
  36. 10X the Cash

    #780
    1 in 3.78 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $1.27
    Any prize
    1 in 3.78
    Beats price
    1 in 6.18
    Top prizes
    2 of 7
  37. Cash Scratch Fever

    #755
    1 in 3.78 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.66
    Any prize
    1 in 3.78
    Beats price
    1 in 6.65
    Top prizes
    2 of 7
  38. Triple Red 7s Tripler

    #801
    1 in 3.79 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.72
    Any prize
    1 in 3.79
    Beats price
    1 in 6.65
    Top prizes
    3 of 8
  39. Money

    #787
    1 in 3.80 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $6.99
    Any prize
    1 in 3.80
    Beats price
    1 in 6.11
    Top prizes
    3 of 5
  40. Cash Tripler

    #785
    1 in 3.80 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $0.66
    Any prize
    1 in 3.80
    Beats price
    1 in 7.06
    Top prizes
    5 of 24
  41. Multiply Your Money

    #805
    1 in 3.81 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.64
    Any prize
    1 in 3.81
    Beats price
    1 in 6.68
    Top prizes
    3 of 7
  42. Diamond Bingo (#804)

    #804
    1 in 3.82 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $2.00
    Any prize
    1 in 3.82
    Beats price
    1 in 6.14
    Top prizes
    5 of 7
  43. Money Maker

    #775
    1 in 3.87 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.49
    Any prize
    1 in 3.87
    Beats price
    1 in 6.93
    Top prizes
    1 of 8
  44. Ms.PAC-MAN™

    #794
    1 in 3.89 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $2.03
    Any prize
    1 in 3.89
    Beats price
    1 in 6.65
    Top prizes
    4 of 6
  45. Ravens X2 (#807)

    #807
    1 in 3.90 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $1.30
    Any prize
    1 in 3.90
    Beats price
    1 in 9.08
    Top prizes
    2 of 4
  46. Holly-Day Cash

    #823
    1 in 3.91 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.61
    Any prize
    1 in 3.91
    Beats price
    1 in 6.87
    Top prizes
    7 of 7
    New
  47. Season's Greetings

    #821
    1 in 3.93 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $1.28
    Any prize
    1 in 3.93
    Beats price
    1 in 6.78
    Top prizes
    5 of 6
    New
  48. Peppermint Payout

    #822
    1 in 3.96 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $2.03
    Any prize
    1 in 3.96
    Beats price
    1 in 7.45
    Top prizes
    6 of 6
    New
  49. Triple Red 7s Doubler

    #799
    1 in 3.98 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $1.27
    Any prize
    1 in 3.98
    Beats price
    1 in 6.80
    Top prizes
    5 of 9
  50. Hello Money!

    #817
    1 in 3.99 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.56
    Any prize
    1 in 3.99
    Beats price
    1 in 3.99
    Top prizes
    5 of 7
  51. In the Green

    #810
    1 in 4.03 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.42
    Any prize
    1 in 4.03
    Beats price
    1 in 7.04
    Top prizes
    4 of 7
  52. Loose Change®

    #812
    1 in 4.33 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $0.61
    Any prize
    1 in 4.33
    Beats price
    1 in 9.56
    Top prizes
    15 of 24
  53. Cozy Cash

    #820
    1 in 4.34 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $0.60
    Any prize
    1 in 4.34
    Beats price
    1 in 7.55
    Top prizes
    33 of 35
    New
  54. 20X the Cash

    #781
    1 in 4.40 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $2.98
    Any prize
    1 in 4.40
    Beats price
    1 in 8.36
    Top prizes
    1 of 7
  55. Triple Red 7s

    #798
    1 in 4.46 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $0.59
    Any prize
    1 in 4.46
    Beats price
    1 in 8.05
    Top prizes
    19 of 35
  56. SKEE-BALL®

    #687
    1 in 4.48 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $1.67
    Any prize
    1 in 4.48
    Beats price
    1 in 12.7
    Top prizes
    1 of 8
  57. Win $100, $200 or $500 (#825)

    #825
    1 in 8.74 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $15.51
    Any prize
    1 in 8.74
    Beats price
    1 in 8.74
    Top prizes
    12,069 of 12,822
    New
  58. Win $25, $50 or $100

    #795
    1 in 9.05 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $3.67
    Any prize
    1 in 9.05
    Beats price
    1 in 9.05
    Top prizes
    1,442 of 28,190
  59. Win $50, $100 or $200 (#806)

    #806
    1 in 9.07 any prize
    EV / ticket
    $7.52
    Any prize
    1 in 9.07
    Beats price
    1 in 9.07
    Top prizes
    8,503 of 18,893

Payout is what the remaining prize pool returns per dollar; profit odds count only prizes larger than the ticket price. Definitions are on the methodology page.

Compare all 59 games in a table
Maryland Scratch-Offs by Current Winning Odds
# Game Price Payout now EV / ticket Any-prize odds Cash odds Profit odds Top prize Top left 7-day
1. $5,000,000 LUXE #789 $50 77.7% $38.86 1 in 2.55 1 in 2.55 1 in 5.12 $5,000,000 2 -0.1 pts
2. Ace of Spades #766 $30 83.1% $24.92 1 in 2.61 1 in 2.61 1 in 4.30 $2,000,000 2 0.0 pts
3. Gifts of Green #772 $20 78.7% $15.73 1 in 2.73 1 in 2.73 1 in 3.77 $500,000 1 -0.6 pts
4. Diamonds & Gold #797 $30 79.1% $23.73 1 in 2.75 1 in 2.75 1 in 4.40 $2,000,000 1 -0.2 pts
5. 100X the Cash #783 $20 74.7% $14.94 1 in 2.77 1 in 2.77 1 in 4.57 $1,000,000 1 +0.3 pts
6. $5,000,000 Fortune #734 $50 74.1% $37.05 1 in 2.82 1 in 2.82 1 in 5.78 $5,000,000 1 -0.6 pts
7. 30X Cash #819 $30 78.9% $23.67 1 in 2.85 1 in 2.85 1 in 4.33 $30,000 302 -0.1 pts
8. $1,000,000 Crossword #788 $25 76.7% $19.17 1 in 2.86 1 in 2.86 1 in 8.81 $1,000,000 2 0.0 pts
9. 200X the Cash #777 $30 79.0% $23.71 1 in 2.89 1 in 2.89 1 in 4.74 $2,000,000 3 0.0 pts
10. Bonus Bingo X20 #726 $20 77.2% $15.44 1 in 2.92 1 in 2.92 1 in 4.75 $500,000 2 0.0 pts
11. Triple Red 777s #803 $20 77.7% $15.53 1 in 2.97 1 in 2.97 1 in 4.49 $1,000,000 3 -0.1 pts
12. $100,000 Crossword #815 $10 73.4% $7.34 1 in 3.10 1 in 3.10 1 in 6.68 $100,000 7 +1.7 pts
13. Mega Money #690 $30 77.3% $23.19 1 in 3.14 1 in 3.14 1 in 4.81 $2,000,000 4 0.0 pts
14. $5,000,000 CASH #681 $50 77.0% $38.49 1 in 3.17 1 in 3.17 1 in 3.17 $5,000,000 2 0.0 pts
15. THE GAME OF LIFE™ #609 $20 74.6% $14.92 1 in 3.19 1 in 3.19 1 in 5.01 $1,000,000 3 -0.1 pts
16. High Voltage #814 $10 75.6% $7.56 1 in 3.27 1 in 3.27 1 in 7.14 $100,000 6 -0.6 pts
17. Extreme Green #811 $20 75.8% $15.16 1 in 3.31 1 in 3.31 1 in 5.11 $1,000,000 4 +0.7 pts
18. Winter Multiplier #824 New $10 74.9% $7.49 1 in 3.38 1 in 3.38 1 in 5.16 $100,000 8 +0.3 pts
19. 50X the Cash #782 $10 72.3% $7.23 1 in 3.38 1 in 3.38 1 in 5.63 $100,000 2 -0.4 pts
20. Bingo X10 #792 $10 71.5% $7.15 1 in 3.40 1 in 3.40 1 in 5.77 $100,000 4 -0.4 pts
21. Triple Red 7s Multiplier #802 $10 73.7% $7.37 1 in 3.41 1 in 3.41 1 in 5.35 $77,777 6 -0.1 pts
22. Red 5's Doubler #776 $10 74.7% $7.47 1 in 3.41 1 in 3.41 1 in 5.37 $100,000 2 -0.2 pts
23. Deluxe Crossword #816 $5 71.7% $3.58 1 in 3.43 1 in 3.43 1 in 5.93 $50,000 6 +0.2 pts
24. Scratch & Match #793 $10 74.2% $7.42 1 in 3.46 1 in 3.46 1 in 5.68 $100,000 3 -0.4 pts
25. Ravens X10 #808 $10 74.2% $7.42 1 in 3.47 1 in 3.47 1 in 5.28 $200,000 3 -1.0 pts
26. Rose Gold #796 $10 73.5% $7.35 1 in 3.50 1 in 3.50 1 in 5.34 $100,000 5 +2.9 pts
27. More Money #739 $10 75.5% $7.55 1 in 3.50 1 in 3.50 1 in 5.73 $150,000 2 -0.3 pts
28. 10X Cash #818 $10 74.4% $7.44 1 in 3.51 1 in 3.51 1 in 6.72 $10,000 107 0.0 pts
29. Bonus Crossword #784 $3 69.0% $2.07 1 in 3.52 1 in 3.52 1 in 6.59 $30,000 3 -0.3 pts
30. Winning Streak #786 $5 74.3% $3.71 1 in 3.58 1 in 3.58 1 in 6.24 $50,000 2 -0.1 pts
31. The Price is Right™ #813 $5 70.8% $3.54 1 in 3.60 1 in 3.60 1 in 7.80 $50,000 4 -0.3 pts
32. 5X the Cash #779 $1 67.3%? $0.67 1 in 3.66 1 in 3.66 1 in 7.04 $1,000 5 +0.6 pts
33. THE BIG SPIN #791 $5 43.6% $2.18 1 in 3.75 1 in 3.75 1 in 6.82 $50,000 1 -0.3 pts
34. Maryland Treasures #790 $2 66.8% $1.34 1 in 3.76 1 in 3.76 1 in 6.45 $10,000 1 -0.2 pts
35. Gold Bar Bingo #809 $5 72.1% $3.60 1 in 3.76 1 in 3.76 1 in 6.26 $50,000 5 -0.3 pts
36. 10X the Cash #780 $2 63.7% $1.27 1 in 3.78 1 in 3.78 1 in 6.18 $10,000 2 -0.4 pts
37. Cash Scratch Fever #755 $5 73.2% $3.66 1 in 3.78 1 in 3.78 1 in 6.65 $50,000 2 -0.2 pts
38. Triple Red 7s Tripler #801 $5 74.3% $3.72 1 in 3.79 1 in 3.79 1 in 6.65 $57,777 3 -0.3 pts
39. Money #787 $10 69.9% $6.99 1 in 3.80 1 in 3.80 1 in 6.11 $250,000 3 -0.2 pts
40. Cash Tripler #785 $1 66.1% $0.66 1 in 3.80 1 in 3.80 1 in 7.06 $1,000 5 +0.4 pts
41. Multiply Your Money #805 $5 72.8% $3.64 1 in 3.81 1 in 3.81 1 in 6.68 $50,000 3 +2.3 pts
42. Diamond Bingo #804 $3 66.6% $2.00 1 in 3.82 1 in 3.82 1 in 6.14 $30,000 5 -0.2 pts
43. Money Maker #775 $5 69.7% $3.49 1 in 3.87 1 in 3.87 1 in 6.93 $50,000 1 -0.3 pts
44. Ms.PAC-MAN™ #794 $3 67.8% $2.03 1 in 3.89 1 in 3.89 1 in 6.65 $30,000 4 0.0 pts
45. Ravens X2 #807 $2 64.8% $1.30 1 in 3.90 1 in 3.90 1 in 9.08 $20,000 2 -0.9 pts
46. Holly-Day Cash #823 New $5 72.3% $3.61 1 in 3.91 1 in 3.91 1 in 6.87 $50,000 7 +0.1 pts
47. Season's Greetings #821 New $2 64.2% $1.28 1 in 3.93 1 in 3.93 1 in 6.78 $10,000 5 -0.3 pts
48. Peppermint Payout #822 New $3 67.7% $2.03 1 in 3.96 1 in 3.96 1 in 7.45 $30,000 6 -0.1 pts
49. Triple Red 7s Doubler #799 $2 63.7% $1.27 1 in 3.98 1 in 3.98 1 in 6.80 $7,777 5 -0.3 pts
50. Hello Money! #817 $5 71.2% $3.56 1 in 3.99 1 in 3.99 1 in 3.99 $50,000 5 0.0 pts
51. In the Green #810 $5 68.5% $3.42 1 in 4.03 1 in 4.03 1 in 7.04 $50,000 4 -0.7 pts
52. Loose Change® #812 $1 61.2% $0.61 1 in 4.33 1 in 4.33 1 in 9.56 $1,000 15 -0.2 pts
53. Cozy Cash #820 New $1 59.8% $0.60 1 in 4.34 1 in 4.34 1 in 7.55 $500 33 0.0 pts
54. 20X the Cash #781 $5 59.7% $2.98 1 in 4.40 1 in 4.40 1 in 8.36 $50,000 1 -1.0 pts
55. Triple Red 7s #798 $1 59.4% $0.59 1 in 4.46 1 in 4.46 1 in 8.05 $777 19 0.0 pts
56. SKEE-BALL® #687 $3 55.6% $1.67 1 in 4.48 1 in 4.48 1 in 12.7 $15,000 1 +3.2 pts
57. Win $100, $200 or $500 #825 New $20 77.5% $15.51 1 in 8.74 1 in 8.74 1 in 8.74 $500 12,069 0.0 pts
58. Win $25, $50 or $100 #795 $5 73.3% $3.67 1 in 9.05 1 in 9.05 1 in 9.05 $100 1,442 +0.3 pts
59. Win $50, $100 or $200 #806 $10 75.2% $7.52 1 in 9.07 1 in 9.07 1 in 9.07 $200 8,503 +0.1 pts

Movers this week

Up: SKEE-BALL® +3.2 pts after a $1,000 prize was claimed; Rose Gold +2.9 pts after a $50,000 prize was claimed; Multiply Your Money +2.3 pts after a $50,000 prize was claimed. Down: 20X the Cash -1.0 pts after a $1,000 prize was claimed; Ravens X10 (#808) -1.0 pts after a $10,000 prize was claimed; Ravens X2 (#807) -0.9 pts after a $1,000 prize was claimed.

Frequently asked questions

How is any-prize odds calculated?
Any-prize odds are the chance that one ticket wins something, including free tickets, estimated from the prizes still unclaimed against the tickets still in circulation.
Who should use the any-prize odds ranking?
Best for players who want frequent small wins and the fun of scratching a winner, rather than chasing the jackpot. Many of those wins are break-even prizes: a free ticket or your money back. Check the cash-odds and profit-odds lists before deciding.
Which Maryland game is #1 on any-prize odds today?
$5,000,000 LUXE (#789, $50) on November 5, 2026. The bottom of the list is Win $50, $100 or $200 (#806, $10).
How current are these numbers?
They come from Maryland Lottery prize figures captured on November 5, 2026 and are recomputed daily. Rankings move when prizes are claimed, especially large ones.

Other Maryland rankings

See how we calculate this and where the data comes from.